Python has two type of numbers. First of all, there is the integer. An integer, is an element of the exact same integers number set is in standart mathematics. For example, -5, 4, 164 and -2780 are all integers.

integer = 2

integer2 = 4

type(integer) # NOTE: the type() function displays the type of the function as an output.

The output of  type(integer)  is always  int  or  <class 'int'> 

All decimal point and rational numbers which aren't whole numbers are floats or floating point numbers in Python. Floats are shown with decimal points (.) rather than with divsion symbols (for example: 3.5 is a floating point number where as 7/2 is a mathematical operation).

float = 2.5

float2 = 7.205

type(float) # This will ouput <class 'float'> or float

Irrational numbers such as π  (Pi) and e that can have their digits after the decimal point approximated are considered floating point numbers.

Python has a function called the modulo, which allows for you to receive the remainder of a division. This function works with the percentage symbol (%) as shown below.

modulo = 10 % 3

print(modulo)

If we were to calculate, we know that 3 goes into 10 three times as 9. Then, the remainder is 1, which is what will be printed.

Output:

1

In cases with no remainders, the modulo will of course give back 0.

modulo = 4 % 2

print(modulo)

Output:

0

Apart from modulo, working with randomization is another important aspect in Python programming. In order to do this, you must first insert the random module at the top of the file in which you will be writing your code in.

import random # write this at the top of your file

With the random module imported, you can complete several actions which will require you to generate a random number, and this is closely related to probability in mathematics (direct yourself to the Math and Python section for more details regarding the relationship between math and Python). 

Generating a random integer:

random_number = random.randint(0, 10) # generates a random number from 0 to 10 (including 0 and 10)

print(random_number)

Generating a float number between  0 and 1 (not including 1):

random_float = random.random()

print(random_float)

To generate a random floating point number using random.random() that is larger than the maximum value of 1, this value can be multiplied as below:

random_float2 = random.random() * 10

print(random_float2)

random.uniform can be used to generate a random floating point number between two set values. These values can be above 1.

random_float = random.uniform(0, 10)

print(random_float)

Section 2 Mini-Project 1: The Fastfood Joint

You got a summer job to work at your local fastfood restaurant. Here, you tell your boss that you're good at both math and programming. Therefore, he wishes you to create a system for the restaurant that will:

a) Calculate all total items sold for a day.

b) Calculate the per capita of all times sold for a day. (Per capita = divided by the no. of customers)

c) Calculate the spending of a single customer.

d) Calculate which gender spent more money and by how much.

To make this system, he gives you the statistics of the customers that came in today, which is as follows:

Veronica (F): 3 burgers, 2 fries, 2 sodas, 1 smoothie, 1 soft serve

James (M): 3 burgers, 5 fries, 4 sodas, 1 smoothie, 3 soft serves, 2 apple pies

Noah (M): 1 apple pie, 4 fries, 3 burgers, 1 soda, 3 smoothies

Madison (F): 2 soft serves, 2 fries, 1 soda, 1 smoothie

Shawn (M): 4 burgers, 5 fries, 4 soft serves, 2 sodas, 2 smoothies

The prices of the items are as follows:

Burger: 8 Dollars

Fries: 3 Dollars

Soda: 1.5 Dollars

Smoothie: 1.5 Dollars

Soft Serve: 2 Dollars

Apple Pie: 6 Dollars

Your boss advises you calculate the individual spending of Madison for criteria C of the system.

Write the code that will be able to calculate all of the given criteria within the system according to the data.

Please type all code on your preferred code editor